Books > Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. This method is suitable for granular fill. Creating an artificial island is an expensive and risky undertaking. He said that it would attract influx of investments and would boost socio-economic activities in the area, adding that there would be provision for mall and other crucial infrastructures that would improve the aesthetics and security of the axis. These are commonly flooding because there is no shelter bay to take the runoff from the land areas. In the same vein the wheel of the bulldozers fragments the soil particles and makes it porous and prone to leaching or wind erosion. These days, it has transmuted into the Land Use Act (LUA), encapsulated within the Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004. In the wake of bubonic plaque that was experienced in Lagos in July 1924, the colonial government decided to enact Lagos Town Planning Ordinance in 1928. Landscape reclamation is. The problem is that mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services to the local people while the palms provide no ecosystem service to the people. Every citizen of Nigeria is empowered to acquire and own immovable property anywhere in Nigeria. Land reclamation has been a common practice to produce valuable land in coastal areas. Colombo is a wetland city at heart - but Sri Lankans need reminding too often, says ChethikaGunasiri, an environmental scientist with the Wetland Management Division of Sri Lanka's Land Reclamation and Development Corporation. Sand mines are often abandoned after some years of operation. Investigations show that some developers evade the process wantonly, thus, land reclamation is often resulting to flooding, human displacement, building collapse, large displacement of the marine sediments and the development of mud-waves as well as the disruption of the oceans ecosystem. Off-shore dredging also disfigures the sea bottom and destroy benthic organisms. They gradually occupy the area through seedling recruitment process. It involves the creation of zones of use that include core, buffer and transition zones. 08 February 2021 | This means that those living on the old waterfront now have a large expanse of land bordering their respective locations. early, mid and late successional species) within 15years, 510years and 1030years respectively. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. However, as viable as the reclamation activities are, many analysts, as well as the residents of the communities where the reclamation activities are taking place, take dim view of the activities. In 2014, an area measuring 100m50m was dredged and sand filled. A future gas plant is to be located at the beach adjacent to Edko Town in the eastern part of Abu Qir Bay. Our fishing nets and traps have been damaged by the mud. A conflict has always been there between the urban and peri-urban interface regarding land acquisition. Homogeneous ideals such as customs, educational goals, and occupational goals all make up segregation. A manufacturing company in the production of herbal drugs, Afroganiks, has called for more research on drugs produced from herbs, while noting that, Herbal products most of the time cause kidney problems and organ failure in the body because they are not well dosed.. Land reclamation, usually known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill ), is the process of creating new land from oceans, seas, riverbeds or lake beds. A Federal High Court, Abuja, on Tuesday, dismissed a certificate forgery suit filed by the Action Alliance (AA) against Sen. Bola Tinubu, presidential candidate of the All Progressives Congress (APC). Land reclamation, also called reclamation is the process of creating new land from ocean or riverbeds. As a result, offshore systems such as coral reefs and eel grass beds are readily degraded. The reclamation land which is in two phases is located on a reclaimed land of over 100 hectares. A perfect example is a fishing community called Ago-Egun which is located at the outskirt of Bariga axis in Lagos. It is the returning of lands to an improved state. 1. But in the Niger Delta landscape reclamation is used to convert coastal areas to terrestrial areas. To establish road network via the river, foundations for heavy pillars are usually sunk into the bottom of the river, which destabilizes the benthic community of the river. This estimate was made using Arc GIS [9]. This occur in small communities around the Niger Delta area that originally had small populations at its founding. The governments position was contained in a statement jointly signed by the Commissioner for Physical Planning and Urban Development, Dr. Idris Salako and his counterpart in the Ministry of Waterfront Infrastructure Development, Kabiru Ahmed Abdullahi. The method is mostly regarded as the simplest one. There is nowhere along this zone that is more than 200 meters. The Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission takes us over part of the Dutch province of Flevolandthe newest province in the Netherlands and one of the largest land reclamation projects in the world. By, this, the land reclaimed is therefore known as reclamation ground or land fill. Surrounding areas of the swamps are usually dredged and sand-filled to enable it to support the mounting of crude oil well head and the laying of pipelines (Figure 5). Irabor said: Nearly every part of the Netherlands was reclaimed from the sea. description of the basic customary land tenure rules in Nigeria. Another example is the replacement of invasive nipa palm forest with native mangrove forests. Oil companies clear coastal forest and set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy locations. It is the returning of lands to an improved state. The suggested solution to revert an already devastated area is by applying natural and human mediated ecological principles to facilitate land and coastal recovery [20]. Through the use of police power they acquire and take over mangrove forest they bulldoze the forest, dredge and sand fill the site, which they allow to lie fallow for some years or reinforce and develop immediately. The cost of land appreciates and has no depreciative value. The city is situated on four main islands namely, Lagos, Victoria, Iddo, and Ikoyi which are all connected by a network of bridges. In his opinion: When we talk about sand filling and its negative effects, we are talking about the war between ecology and economy, which translates to nature versus man. ( See also city; urban planning .) This occurs during off-shore drilling in mangrove swamps. Luloff, James By Jamilah Mohd Salim, Maizatul Azwa Radzi, Sheriza M IntechOpen Limited For indigenous vacations in Nigeria, Calabar is often the first location that comes to mind, hence why it's among the most beautiful cities in Nigeria. Along the coast, the average precipitation is about 2,000mm to 3,000mm. 5. How? But in the last two months I have not caught a single fish. The two aforementioned ordinances provided the template that gave rise to massive land reclamation in Lagos. Ben Ayade for allowing a level playing field at the Cross River North senatorial election of Feb. 25. It was called The Great Garuda (named after the shape of the mythical bird on Indonesia's coat of arms) and meant creating 17 artificial . The entry of big machinery into the swamp had added more stress to the coast by destroying many soil-dwelling and benthic organisms. 3:02 am. The presence of mangroves along the coast stabilizes and reinforces the soil against erosion. Residents and activists say neighbouring developments on reclaimed land also threaten the area's environment. With . Simplicity and transparency. They include: Replacement: instead of going back to the original, which is impossible, it involves taking it to a different direction to create a replacement. It is the result of abiotic (physical and chemical) and biotic agents of change. This is because such activities lead to the clearing of the mangrove forest and other coastal vegetation. Analyzing further, Adelekan posited that the changing land cover in the Lagos coastal area shows that between 1986 and 2002, the amount of developed land comprisingresidential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). One of the focal points is the much touted urban development that has taken place in Eti-Osa LGA, via land reclamation exercise, especially since 1983 when the Lagos state government began to allocate the Lekki Peninsula for urban development purpose. The economy is all about the desire for resources and land. Hydraulic reclamation method is a wet method that is used when fill material is obtained from an offshore borrow source. Statistics have it that China reclaimed 13,455 hectares of land from the sea in 2010, resulting in earnings of more than 7.82 billion yuan.. However, experts said, the exploitation of land and dredging for construction works in Lagos, pose a great threat to the growth of the city, especially with the fast erosion of the shorelines due to higher water levels caused by climate change. An example of this pattern of landscape reclamation is found in a place called Eagle Island, Niger Delta where the mangrove forests were cut down and sand filled and later the area was used for developmental project (Figure 6). Furthermore, census of species found in the area was made at the three study sites. Industry experts are also concerned with the level of compliance with existing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act No. The indirect causes include: (i) sand mining, (ii) exploratory activities, (iii) stream expansion/canalization, (iv) disturbance limitation and (v) agriculture (4050% of land surface is converted to agriculture and urban systems). Crude oil pipeline and well head situated in reclaimed coastal area in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. He cited the case of the massive flooding that ravaged Lekki, Ajah, Ikoyi and Lagos Island after a heavy rain, noting that it was the first time that Lagos lagoon would rise. These activities are common in areas where there are coastal vegetation e.g. Invasion: this is as a result of the migration of people into coastal communities in search of new technologies that provide job opportunities. Orange Island is another reclaimed island that covers about 150 hectares of land and is located within the Lekki axis in Lagos. Thus in other to expand the land area to accommodate the industrial complex, surrounding creeks were mowed down; sand filled and solidifies to build offices and apartments for workers. Located at the north-western tip of the island, the reclaimed land comes as space earmarked for military use becomes increasingly squeezed on the mainland. Im a fisherman, how am I supposed to survive, the man lamented. Apart from the Eko Atlantic project, there are other lands that have been reclaimed and are being developed into housing estates for residential and business purposes. Sand filling of the coasts lead to the burial of millions of species. 2002 NYS Reclamation award . These areas dominate the hinter land and are often reclaimed and sand filled to expand their economic potential. roads, buildings, industries and parks. Nevertheless, land utilization is influenced by nature and characteristics of soil, soil moisture and temperature, topography and land location, flora, fauna and climate. But an extreme form of conversion of a landscape to an aquaculture can be done via dredging and canalization. It is also designed in such a way that it will accommodate massive commercial and residential purposes. Historically, reclamation meant irrigation projects that brought wetlands and deserts (considered useless wastelands) into agricultural production. This situation had precipitated the uncontrolled reclamation of coastal lands [4]. Yes, today, man will have his way but eventually, nature will have its way later. This is a natural ecological restoration. Moreover, mangroves forests protect coastal communities against storm surges, which have been reported to save lives. The key to understanding Lagos, Africa's most populous city, is in the water. Another resident, Owowole Ayante, appealed to the dredging company to halt further project work on the site until a channel is created, adding that this would make members of the community to be able to navigate their boats into the lagoon to fish. In October 2021, DEC prepared, . It could also lead to fish kills and smothering of aquatic organisms. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. Over population is a major factor that had led to the extension of cities beyond coastal limits. The sand filled area became the dumping ground for sand, where trucks evacuated the sand to buyers. Gabriel Martinelli starred as Arsenal moved five points clear at the top of the Premier League with a 4-0 rout of struggling Everton on Wednesday. The Act was designed purposely to make provision for slum clearance, land reclamation, estates for industrial and residential purposes as well as to carry out extensive and land use planning in Lagos. Mangrove vegetation is the dominant species found at the interface between the land and the sea. Lending his voice on the matter, an environmentalist, Osawe Irabors view differs from those of Nwilo, Faniran and Afegbua. 86 of 1992 govern the EIA process in Nigeria. by SurefireFashion: 11:32pm On Mar 17, 2017 following Re: List Of Igbo Towns In Nigeria. Section 1(1) of the Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act, 2007 gives the federal government ownership and . Land is highly priced and many have died for its sake through fratricidal wars and communal clashes because of its scarcity. Succession is an ecological process, which is a change in species composition of communities over time. red, white and black mangroves) and seeds of nipa palm and Heritiera littoralis. On the Ejigbo development, Dr. Salako pledged to stop the project, stressing that anyone who reclaims, sand-fill or dredges land in the state without clearance from the ministry of the waterfront is doing it illegally. But when it becomes rampant and reckless, the people must resist it because usurping natural settings could be disastrous in the long run, he said. This is encapsulated in the Land Use Act promulgated in 1978, which states that all lands in Nigeria belong to the Federal Government, this include but not limited to under-water land that is 200 nautical miles from the shore. The water channel has to be set up to facilitate interconnectivity. During exploration the coast is first dredged, cleared of vegetation and reclaimed in other to create a plat form for mounting pillars that carry oil pipelines and well heads. 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