The Lpez Obrador administration has actively participated in abusive US immigration policies. Institutionalized Children: Civil society groups expressed concern regarding abuse of children with mental and physical disabilities in orphanages, migrant centers, and care facilities. The law prohibits such practices and requires search warrants. In March the government amended federal labor law to define the minimum wage as the lowest cash amount a worker receives for services rendered during a workday and stipulated it should never be below the inflation rate. In 2016the last year for which data is availableMexicos national statistics office surveyed more than 64,000 people incarcerated in 338 prisons. Crime and violence are widespread in Michoacan state. Brazen homicides persist at unacceptable levels. Their ebb and flow largely reflect choices and tit-for-tat responses by criminal groups toward one another. Libel/Slander Laws: There are no federal criminal laws against defamation, libel, or slander; however, eight states have criminal laws on these acts. State preventive police report to state governors, while municipal police report to mayors. In 2020, journalists registered 692 threats, attacks, or other forms of aggressionreportedly the highest year on record. On August 8, self-proclaimed members of Cartel Jalisco New Generation released a video showing a group of armed men threatening to kill journalist Azucena Uresti for reporting on self-defense groups fighting the cartel in Michoacan. U.S. travelers are reminded that U.S. government employees must adhere to the following travel restrictions: There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees to other parts of Oaxaca state, which include tourist areas in:Oaxaca City,Monte Alban,Puerto Escondido,andHuatulco. Institutionalized persons with disabilities often lacked adequate medical care and rehabilitation services, privacy, and clothing; they often ate, slept, and bathed in unhygienic conditions. In June the Federal Telecommunications Institute, an autonomous agency created to increase the transparency of media regulation, released internet neutrality guidelines for internet service providers. Authorities arrested four police officers and charged them with femicide (killing a woman because of her gender). Land conflicts, social and ethnic violence, or local political disputes caused other incidents. 17 murders per day. The states where the most political violence occurred were Veracruz, followed by Guerrero and Guanajuato. The law provides for freedom of expression, including for members of the press and other media, and the government generally respected this right. In June another priest died in a cartel crossfire on the Durango-Zacatecas border. However, authorities often fail to investigate allegations of torture. Cancun is safe to visit right now. Almost two-thirds (64 percent) reported physical violence at the time of arrest, including electric shocks, choking, and smothering. The official leading Mexicos response has called large-scale testing useless and a waste of time, despite the World Health Organizations insistence on the importance of testing. The court found that absolute criminalization of abortion is unconstitutional and that women should not be criminally prosecuted for undergoing the procedure. Underneath that macro-war, many violent micro-conflicts play out in Mexico, as smaller criminal groups fight over drug, extortion, and other criminal markets and seek to control local politicians and populations. The education system provided education for students with disabilities nationwide. Petty crime occurs frequently in both tourist and non-tourist areas. Whether in high-value targeting, countering violence and criminality in natural resources, or suppressing robberies and extortion, Mexicos various military and law enforcement forces are instructed to only undertake operations without the visible use of force even when criminal militias take over new territories and declare autonomy, or cartels bomb local populations. The government did not effectively enforce the law. Most homicides are targeted assassinations against members of criminal organizations. As a result the number of pretrial detainees increased 25 percent since 2018, and pretrial detainees comprised 40 percent of all prisoners, according to government figures. The government generally exempted accompanying adults from detention to preserve family unity. In the June midterm elections, citizens voted for all members of the Chamber of Deputies, 15 governors, state legislators, and mayors across the country. Labor recruiters enticed families to work during harvests with verbal promises of decent wages and a good standard of living. Read the full report. During the COVID-19 pandemic, indigenous persons faced additional hardships in accessing educational services. INEGI found that 53 percent of women of reproductive age used modern contraception in 2018 (the most recent study). In June 2020, Mexico was elected as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council for 2021 to 2022. In July 2020, 12 civilians were killed in a shootout with soldiers in Tamaulipas state. It was created in 2019 to bring together national and international forensic experts to help identify 37,000 unidentified remains held in government facilities, coordinate implementation of the general law on forced disappearances, and allocate resources to state search commissions. In June the government amended the General Law on Womens Access to a Life Free of Violence to include media and digital violence as a form of violence against women. Enrollment of children with disabilities decreased by 40 percent during the COVID-19 pandemic, according to Yo Tambien. An Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation study on the use of contraceptives in Chiapas (the poorest state) found that older women were less likely to use family planning methods (13 percent of women ages 35 and older, versus 18 percent of women ages 20-34), while 23 percent of indigenous women opposed birth control for religious, cultural, or social reasons. Criminal activity and violence may occur in any location, at any time, including in popular tourist destinations. Sometimes family members arranged marriages for girls younger than 18. This report summarizes key indicators that assess the status of the science and engineering (S&E) enterprise within the United States and that illustrate the U.S. global position in multiple aspects of the S&E enterprise. When authorities fail to accept a recommendation, the CNDH makes that known publicly. In July unknown assailants abducted and killed Aranza Ramos in the state of Sonora. Any work in excess of eight hours in a day is considered overtime, for which a worker is to receive double pay. Some prisons were undersubscribed, while others were overcrowded. Black migrants reported migration authorities detained Black migrants for longer periods than other migrants. Under the Mrida Initiative, the U.S. often provided the crucial and only anti-corruption, anti-collusion oversight in Mexicos security strategiesand tactical operations as well as a stimulus and reinforcement to Mexicos will to take on criminal groups and the lack of rule of law. Nonetheless, NGOs and media reported on sexual exploitation of minors, as well as child sex tourism in resort towns and northern border areas. Nor do reductions in murders mean other forms of violence, such as extortion, or criminal groups control over territories and people, have lessened. Law enforcement actions to curb illegal deforestation drastically diminished in recent years. A 2019 constitutional amendment grants the president the authority to use the armed forces to protect internal and national security through 2024. Zeron led the investigation of the case by the former criminal investigations unit in the Attorney Generals Office at the time of the students disappearances. Three states have state-level IDP laws, but the country does not have a federal internal displacement law, which created challenges in resource allocation and interagency governmental coordination. Security forces responded by killing four suspects and arresting 25. Federal law prohibits discrimination against persons with physical, sensory, intellectual, and mental disabilities. The state commissions are funded by state legislatures and are semiautonomous. On Feb. 19, rival drug dealers opened fire at Art Beach Tulum, a restaurant on the outskirts of Tulum where an order of sea bass with asparagus risotto and seaweed cream goes for $35. Women, children, indigenous persons, persons with disabilities, LGBTQI+ persons, and migrants (including men, women, and children) were the most vulnerable to forced labor (see section 7.c.). The states of Guanajuato, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas, plus Mexico City, accounted for 76 percent of reported disappearances from 2018 to June 30. Nevertheless, only 2 percent of schoolteachers in the country were trained to teach children with disabilities, according to the civil society organization Yo Tambien. Informal workers were in every sector of the economy, with agriculture as the sector with the greatest number of informal workers. Criminal activity and violence may occur throughout the state. Womens rights groups say femicide is likely under-reported. According to the NGO Freedom House, Researchers continued to document cases of journalists, human rights lawyers, activists, and political figures targeted with Pegasus spy software. There were numerous instances of criminal armed groups extorting, threatening, or kidnapping asylum seekers and other migrants. In 2012, the federal government established the Protection Mechanism for Human Rights Defenders and Journalists, which provides bodyguards, armored cars, and panic buttons, and helps journalists temporarily relocate in response to serious threats. Women tended to earn substantially less than men did for the same work. Some civil society groups, however, asserted that state commissions were subservient to the state executive branch. Respect for the Integrity of the Person, a. This was a common practice in the maquiladora sector, in which employers forced workers to take leave at low moments in the production cycle and obliged them to work in peak seasons, including the Christmas holiday period, without the corresponding triple pay mandated by law for voluntary overtime on national holidays. A 2019 CNDH poll found six of every 10 members of the LGBTQI+ community reported experiencing discrimination in the past 12 months, and more than half suffered hate speech and physical aggression. Disappearances remained a persistent problem throughout the country, especially in areas with high levels of cartel or gang-related violence. Prescription Pills Laced With Meth, Fentanyl Sold in Northern Mexico Pharmacies: Report. . Violent crime and gang activity occur with increasing frequency in Veracruz, particularly in the center and south near Cordoba and Coatzacoalcos. Travelers should maintain a high level of situational awareness, avoid areas where illicit activities occur, and promptly depart from potentially dangerous situations. As of December 2020 the Prosecutor Generals Office reported a total of 2,041 federal investigations underway into disappearances involving approximately 3,400 persons. Legal and illegal fishermen and entire associations and industries feel they have no backup from the Mexican government to resist the narcos takeover. There are no other restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Guanajuato state, which includes tourist areas in:San Miguel de Allende,Guanajuato City, andsurrounding areas. Journalists reported altering their coverage due to a lack of protection from the government, attacks against members of media and newsrooms, and threats or retributions against their families, among other reasons. NGOs reported that acts of excessive use of force and arbitrary detention occurred against female protesters, especially those protesting gender-based violence. The reforms prevent the registration of collective bargaining agreements known as protection contracts, which nonrepresentative unions often negotiated and signed without the knowledge of workers and undermined genuine collective bargaining. The attorney general never properly implemented a 2018 reform intended to make the office more independent from the government and more accountable to victims and their families, human rights and rule-of-law groups report. Reconsider travel due to crime and kidnapping. Do not display signs of wealth, such as wearing expensive watches or jewelry. The law mandates that all discrimination cases, including sexual harassment, bypass formerly mandatory conciliation and proceed directly to the labor courts. The National Program for the Integral Protection of Children and Adolescents, mandated by law, is responsible for coordinating the protection of childrens rights at all levels of government. The Interior Secretariat reaffirmed its commitment to protect refugee applicants even as the country experienced an unprecedented number of applicants. Figueroa collaborated with criminal organizations to kidnap the prosecutor general of Ixtapan de la Sal, state of Mexico, and others in 2019, resulting in the death of one of the prosecutor generals bodyguards. Approximately 23 percent of informal workers (6.8 million persons) were employed by formal businesses or organizations but paid in cash off the books to evade taxes and social security payments. As of September workers had reviewed and voted on 1,790 collective bargaining agreements, less than 1 percent of the total number of agreements. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. The CDC's latest guidance on international travel for vaccinated people can be foundhere. jp morgan salary increase 2022; was robert really injured in everybody loves raymond; madonna's sisters and brothers; does coconut milk shampoo make your hair greasy. The procedure known in Spanish as arraigo (a constitutionally permitted form of pretrial detention employed during the investigative phase of a criminal case before probable cause is fully established) allows, with a judges approval, for certain suspects to be detained prior to filing formal charges. The federal government and states continued to implement the law on forced disappearances. The states of Guanajuato, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan, Nuevo Leon, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, and Zacatecas, plus Mexico City, accounted for 76 percent of reported disappearances from 2018 to June 30. U.S. citizens and LPRs have been victims of kidnapping. Children also produced garments, leather goods, and illicit crops such as opium poppies; engaged in illicit activities such as the production and trafficking of drugs; and experienced sexual exploitation, often as a result of human trafficking. Citizens hoping to obtain temporary, legal employment in the United States and other countries frequently paid recruiters hundreds or thousands of dollars in prohibitive fees to secure jobs, and many prospective workers were promised jobs that did not exist. Investigations continued into the 2014 disappearances of 43 students from the Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers College in Iguala, Guerrero. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Morelos state. In August Yucatan passed a law legalizing same-sex marriage, increasing the number of states making it legal to 22 of the countrys 32 states. According to the victims mother, police detained and interrogated him without reasonable suspicion or probable cause. President Lpez Obrador said the program had produced very good results.. - Around 35% of the borough's residents live in poverty. Follow the U.S. Embassy on Facebook and Twitter. Rather than receiving daily wages once a week, as mandated by law, day laborers had to meet certain harvest quotas to receive the promised wage. During the electoral season (September 2020 to June), assailants killed 36 candidates and 64 politicians. All states have their own human rights commissions. The government deployed hundreds of security forces to contain the caravan. Impromptu roadblocks requiring payment to pass are common. Bail is available for most crimes, except for those involving organized crime and a limited number of other offenses. Migrants were also recruited by criminal organizations to conduct illicit activities. While not directed at tourists, shootings between rival gangs have injured innocent bystanders. The Prosecutor Generals Office owned a previous genetics database, which consisted of 63,000 profiles, and was responsible for the new database. Sonora is a key location used by the international drug trade and human trafficking networks. Most homicides are targeted assassinations against members of criminal organizations. Criminal cartels, common criminals, and sometimes police and migration officials regularly target people migrating through Mexico to rob, kidnap, extort, rape, or kill them. Twelve states have laws restricting public demonstrations. See the Department of States Trafficking in Persons Report at https://www.state.gov/trafficking-in-persons-report/. Reductions in fighting, such as in Michoacns Apatzingn or Guerreros Acapulco where I conducted fieldwork, occurs mainlybecause a particular group or criminal alliance manages to establish temporary territorial control, a narcopeace: be it Crteles Unidos in that part of theTierra Caliente,or Caro Quinteros and Los Chapitos branches of the Sinaloa Cartel in high-value extortion and drug trafficking in Acapulco. In most cases the law requires detainees to appear before a judge for a custody hearing within 48 hours of arrest, during which authorities must produce sufficient evidence to justify continued detention. The reforms establish a four-year timeline for implementation designed to end May 1, 2023, but the government established an accelerated timeline to complete implementation by May 2022 and remained on track to meet that goal. Transnational criminal organizations compete in the border area to establish narco-trafficking and human smuggling routes. As of August, 25 of 32 states had specialized prosecutors offices for investigating torture, or specialized investigative units within the state attorney generals office as called for by law. There were no reports of political prisoners or detainees. From the United States 1-844-528-6611. As a government official inTierra Calientetold me: Frankly, public security here, all life really, is totally managed by the narcos.. 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