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By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. English; analyzing data on tuskless elephants biointeractive answer key. Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. II. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? 2. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. Thanks for reading Scientific American. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. endstream
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<. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. %PDF-1.5
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After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. In this activity, students collect and analyze evidence for each of the major conditions for evolution by natural selection to develop an explanation for how populations change over time. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants a. 7. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. 0
Lessons. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war.
|U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* 6. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. But why werent there any tuskless males?. In this article, professor Phil Gibson discusses how he uses modified version of our Data Point activities as simplified case studies. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. Keep up with the latest from BioInteractive! Resume watching the video until Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! %PDF-1.6
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This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. a. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. a. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. Key Concepts. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. %%EOF
If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. endstream
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This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. 293 0 obj
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This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. endstream
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In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. All workshops are online, facilitated by Ambassadors, and include opportunities to interact with our resources and learn from other educators. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. %PDF-1.6
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Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. The video focused on Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, which suffered especially heavy poaching during the Mozambican Civil War, which occurred from 1977 to 1992. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. This interactive module explores the diversity of viruses based on structure, genome type, host range, transmission mechanism, replication cycles, and vaccine availability. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers who sell the tusks on the ivory market. View details . Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. 292 0 obj
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Total: 129 a. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. Learning Objectives & Practices: ERT-2.A, ERT-2.H, EIN-4.C, SP5, SP6, ELA.RST.9-12.7, ELA.WHST.9-12.1 The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. Knowledge awaits. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer Selection for Tuskless Elephants. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. 415 0 obj
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Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9
k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. 3. a. The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. In . This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. Description. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. hb```lJB This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. Why Do Some People with the Sickle Cell Genotype Not Have Symptoms? This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest.
As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. ;X2ELb/6-qRrT3p0=qb3]1#>7}}2D/Q 59E ,;! 2 0
HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point . Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. Students will then analyze data to investigate the impact of human activity, namely poaching, on elephant populations. Thanks for reading Scientific American. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College Typically, though, such studies focus on small creatures that have large population sizes and fast generational turnovers because changes they undergo are easier to observe in real time. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants %%EOF
One type of evidence they use is genetic data. The immune system responds to pathogens in two main ways: innate and adaptive immune responses. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. pe*X|Xem&5*d
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This activity explores images of elephants with and without tusks, which serve as phenomena for learning about selection and human impacts on the frequency of traits within populations. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant poaching time 1:46 and answer the following questions used add... To fewer than 250 in 2000 the same high-quality resources are now available new! Learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis by. Skew in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis figure from a study that measured species declines. 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Each other using key scientific terms, culminating in the space below different ways through collection! A striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks, she finally may have her answer instead of hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key. The number of elephants that are illegally killed each year adaptive immune responses of ready-to-use videos with questions. As simplified case studies the & quot ; handout elephants exhibited an abnormally high of... A scientific claim Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never tusks. You got than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000 Ik @ ).